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          Conda安装使用
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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>摘要：Conda是在Windows，macOS和Linux上运行的开源软件包管理系统和环境管理系统</p>
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<h2 id="简介"><a href="#简介" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h2><blockquote>
<p>Package, dependency and environment management for any language—Python, R, Ruby, Lua, Scala, Java, JavaScript, C&#x2F; C++, FORTRAN</p>
</blockquote>
<p>根据<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://conda.io/">官网</a>的介绍，Conda是包、依赖、环境的管理系统，适用于任何语言–Python、R、Ruby、Lua等等。</p>
<p>比较常用的场景是当你需要同时开发python2和python3程序时，可以使用Conda自由地在两个版本直接进行切换。</p>
<p>另外的场景比如，公司项目使用的angular8，而自己想体验angular10、11等高版本的功能，也可以通过Conda来实现自由切换。</p>
<h2 id="安装"><a href="#安装" class="headerlink" title="安装"></a>安装</h2><p>可选择安装以下任何一个程序：</p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://conda.io/miniconda.html">Miniconda</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.anaconda.com/download/">Anaconda</a></li>
</ul>
<p>它们的区别是：</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Miniconda is a free minimal installer for conda. It is a small, bootstrap version of Anaconda that includes only conda, Python, the packages they depend on, and a small number of other useful packages, including pip, zlib and a few others. Use the <code>conda install command</code> to install 720+ additional conda packages from the Anaconda repository.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Miniconda是一个免费、最小化的conda安装程序，只包含了必要的和最常用的软件包。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Data science technology for groundbreaking research.<br>Data science technology for a competitive edge.<br>Data science technology for a better world.<br>Data science technology for human sensemaking.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Anaconda是一个图形化的数据科学工具包。它除了有conda的功能外，还包含了数据科学和机器学习要用到的很多软件，适合用于科研。</p>
<h2 id="使用"><a href="#使用" class="headerlink" title="使用"></a>使用</h2><p>我安装的是Anaconda，下面以Anaconda举例说明。</p>
<p><img src="https://image.dqv5.com/public/2021/01/27/1611757624195.png" alt="Anaconda客户端界面"></p>
<h3 id="添加国内源"><a href="#添加国内源" class="headerlink" title="添加国内源"></a>添加国内源</h3><p>推荐使用清华大学镜像源，配置方法见此<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/anaconda/">文档</a></p>
<p>修改用户目录下的 <code>.condarc</code> 文件，添加以下内容</p>
<figure class="highlight yaml"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="attr">channels:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="string">defaults</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">show_channel_urls:</span> <span class="literal">true</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">default_channels:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="string">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="string">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="bullet">-</span> <span class="string">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="attr">custom_channels:</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">conda-forge:</span> <span class="string">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">msys2:</span> <span class="string">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">bioconda:</span> <span class="string">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">menpo:</span> <span class="string">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">pytorch:</span> <span class="string">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">simpleitk:</span> <span class="string">https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="基础用法"><a href="#基础用法" class="headerlink" title="基础用法"></a>基础用法</h3><p>获取帮助</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 主要命令帮助</span></span><br><span class="line">conda --<span class="built_in">help</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 环境管理相关帮助</span></span><br><span class="line">conda <span class="built_in">env</span> --<span class="built_in">help</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>软件包管理</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 安装</span></span><br><span class="line">conda install numpy</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 安装指定版本</span></span><br><span class="line">conda install numpy=x.x.x</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 卸载软件</span></span><br><span class="line">conda uninstall numpy</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 展示已安装软件</span></span><br><span class="line">conda list</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 更新所有</span></span><br><span class="line">conda update --all</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 更新指定包</span></span><br><span class="line">conda update numpy</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<p>虚拟环境管理</p>
<figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 创建一个虚拟环境，名称py2，安装python(版本2.x)</span></span><br><span class="line">➜  ~ conda create -n py2 python=2</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 启用某个环境。启用之后，命令行会显示当前的环境名称</span></span><br><span class="line">➜  ~ conda activate py2</span><br><span class="line">(py2) ➜  ~</span><br><span class="line">(py2) ➜  ~ python -V</span><br><span class="line">Python 2.7.18 :: Anaconda, Inc.</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 退出当前环境</span></span><br><span class="line">(py2) ➜  ~ conda deactivate</span><br><span class="line">➜  ~</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 再创建一个环境</span></span><br><span class="line">➜  ~ conda create -n py3 python=3</span><br><span class="line">➜  ~ conda activate py3</span><br><span class="line">(py3) ➜  ~ python -V</span><br><span class="line">Python 3.9.1</span><br><span class="line">(py3) ➜  ~ conda deactivate</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 查看环境列表</span></span><br><span class="line">➜  ~ conda <span class="built_in">env</span> list</span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># conda environments:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">#</span></span><br><span class="line">base                  *  /opt/anaconda3</span><br><span class="line">ng10                     /opt/anaconda3/envs/ng10</span><br><span class="line">ng11                     /opt/anaconda3/envs/ng11</span><br><span class="line">py2                      /opt/anaconda3/envs/py2</span><br><span class="line">py3                      /opt/anaconda3/envs/py3</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"># 删除环境</span></span><br><span class="line">➜  ~ conda remove -n py2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>



<h3 id="在IDEA中配置Conda环境"><a href="#在IDEA中配置Conda环境" class="headerlink" title="在IDEA中配置Conda环境"></a>在IDEA中配置Conda环境</h3><p><img src="https://image.dqv5.com/public/2021/01/27/1611756704990.png"></p>
<p><img src="https://image.dqv5.com/public/2021/01/27/1611756807393.png"></p>
<p><img src="https://image.dqv5.com/public/2021/01/27/1611756963159.png"></p>
<h3 id="配置默认不启用base环境"><a href="#配置默认不启用base环境" class="headerlink" title="配置默认不启用base环境"></a>配置默认不启用base环境</h3><p>修改用户目录下的<code>.condarc</code>文件，设置<code>auto_activate_base: false</code>即可。</p>
<h2 id="相关资料"><a href="#相关资料" class="headerlink" title="相关资料"></a>相关资料</h2><ul>
<li>Conda官网: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://conda.io/">https://conda.io</a></li>
</ul>

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